問題描述
我正在製作一個 wordpress 外掛。在解除安裝功能中應該包括什麼典型的東西?
例如,我應該刪除在安裝功能中建立的任何表嗎?
我清理我的選項嗎?
還要別的嗎?
最佳解決方案
有三個不同的鉤子。它們在以下情況下觸發:
- 解除安裝
- 停用
- 啟用
在這種情況下,How-to 觸發功能可以安全地執行
以下顯示了正確的方法來安全地掛起在上述操作期間觸發的回撥函式。
您可以在使用的外掛中使用此程式碼
- 普通功能,
- 一個班或者
- 外部課堂,
我將顯示三個不同的演示外掛,您可以檢查,然後再在您自己的外掛中實現程式碼。
重要提示!
由於這個話題是非常困難和非常詳細的,有十幾個+邊的情況,這個答案永遠不會完美。隨著時間的推移,我會不斷改進,所以請定期檢查。
(1) 啟用/停用/解除安裝外掛。
外掛設定回撥由核心觸發,您對核心的操作沒有影響。有一些事情要記住:
- 在設定回撥期間,從來沒有任何
echo/print(!) 。這將導致headers already sent訊息,核心將建議停用和刪除您的外掛… 不要問:我知道… - 你不會看到任何視覺輸出。但是我將
exit()語句新增到所有不同的回撥中,以便您可以獲得關於真正發生的事情的一些見解。只是取消他們的看法看工作。 - 檢查
__FILE__ != WP_PLUGIN_INSTALL是否非常重要,(如果不是:中止!),看看是否真的解除安裝外掛。我建議在開發過程中簡單地觸發on_deactivation()回撥,所以你可以節省自己的時間,讓你重新恢復一切。至少這是我做的。 -
更安全比對不起!
- 首先,當不載入核心時,我不允許直接訪問檔案:
defined( 'ABSPATH' ) OR exit; - 然後我檢查當前使用者是否被允許執行此任務。
- 作為最後一個任務,我檢視推薦人。注意:
wp_die()螢幕可能會出現意想不到的結果,要求正確的許可權 (如果您想再次嘗試… 是的,確定),當您有錯誤。當核心重定向到您時,將當前的$GLOBALS['wp_list_table']->current_action();設定為error_scrape,然後檢查check_admin_referer('plugin-activation-error_' . $plugin);的引用,其中$plugin為$_REQUEST['plugin']。所以重定向發生在頁面載入的一半,你得到這個有線的捲軸,螢幕上的黃色管理員通知/訊息框。如果發生這種情況:保持冷靜,只需搜尋一些exit()和 step-by-step 除錯的錯誤。
- 首先,當不載入核心時,我不允許直接訪問檔案:
(A) 普通功能外掛
記住,如果在函式定義之前掛接回撥,這可能無效。
<?php
defined( 'ABSPATH' ) OR exit;
/**
* Plugin Name: (WCM) Activate/Deactivate/Uninstall - Functions
* Description: Example Plugin to show activation/deactivation/uninstall callbacks for plain functions.
* Author: Franz Josef Kaiser/wecodemore
* Author URL: http://unserkaiser.com
* Plugin URL: http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/25910/uninstall-activate-deactivate-a-plugin-typical-features-how-to/25979#25979
*/
function WCM_Setup_Demo_on_activation()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
$plugin = isset( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) ? $_REQUEST['plugin'] : '';
check_admin_referer( "activate-plugin_{$plugin}" );
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
function WCM_Setup_Demo_on_deactivation()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
$plugin = isset( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) ? $_REQUEST['plugin'] : '';
check_admin_referer( "deactivate-plugin_{$plugin}" );
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
function WCM_Setup_Demo_on_uninstall()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );
// Important: Check if the file is the one
// that was registered during the uninstall hook.
if ( __FILE__ != WP_UNINSTALL_PLUGIN )
return;
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
register_activation_hook( __FILE__, 'WCM_Setup_Demo_on_activation' );
register_deactivation_hook( __FILE__, 'WCM_Setup_Demo_on_deactivation' );
register_uninstall_hook( __FILE__, 'WCM_Setup_Demo_on_uninstall' );
(B) 基於類的 OOP 架構
這是現在外掛中最常見的例子。
<?php
defined( 'ABSPATH' ) OR exit;
/**
* Plugin Name: (WCM) Activate/Deactivate/Uninstall - CLASS
* Description: Example Plugin to show activation/deactivation/uninstall callbacks for classes/objects.
* Author: Franz Josef Kaiser/wecodemore
* Author URL: http://unserkaiser.com
* Plugin URL: http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/25910/uninstall-activate-deactivate-a-plugin-typical-features-how-to/25979#25979
*/
register_activation_hook( __FILE__, array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_Class', 'on_activation' ) );
register_deactivation_hook( __FILE__, array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_Class', 'on_deactivation' ) );
register_uninstall_hook( __FILE__, array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_Class', 'on_uninstall' ) );
add_action( 'plugins_loaded', array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_Class', 'init' ) );
class WCM_Setup_Demo_Class
{
protected static $instance;
public static function init()
{
is_null( self::$instance ) AND self::$instance = new self;
return self::$instance;
}
public static function on_activation()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
$plugin = isset( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) ? $_REQUEST['plugin'] : '';
check_admin_referer( "activate-plugin_{$plugin}" );
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
public static function on_deactivation()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
$plugin = isset( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) ? $_REQUEST['plugin'] : '';
check_admin_referer( "deactivate-plugin_{$plugin}" );
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
public static function on_uninstall()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );
// Important: Check if the file is the one
// that was registered during the uninstall hook.
if ( __FILE__ != WP_UNINSTALL_PLUGIN )
return;
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
public function __construct()
{
# INIT the plugin: Hook your callbacks
}
}
(C) 具有外部設定物件的基於類的/ OOP 架構
此方案假設您在名為 inc 的外掛的子目錄中有一個主外掛檔案和第二個名為 setup.php 的檔案:~/wp-content/plugins/your_plugin/inc/setup.php 。當外掛資料夾在預設的 WP 資料夾結構之外,以及重新命名內容目錄或在安裝檔案被命名為不同的情況下,這一點也將起作用。只有 inc 資料夾必須具有相同的名稱& 位置相對於外掛根目錄。
注意:您可以簡單地將三個 register_*_hook()*函式和類放在外掛中。
主要的外掛檔案:
<?php
defined( 'ABSPATH' ) OR exit;
/**
* Plugin Name: (WCM) Activate/Deactivate/Uninstall - FILE/CLASS
* Description: Example Plugin
* Author: Franz Josef Kaiser/wecodemore
* Author URL: http://unserkaiser.com
* Plugin URL: http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/25910/uninstall-activate-deactivate-a-plugin-typical-features-how-to/25979#25979
*/
register_activation_hook( __FILE__, array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_File_Inc', 'on_activation' ) );
register_deactivation_hook( __FILE__, array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_File_Inc', 'on_deactivation' ) );
register_uninstall_hook( __FILE__, array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_File_Inc', 'on_uninstall' ) );
add_action( 'plugins_loaded', array( 'WCM_Setup_Demo_File', 'init' ) );
class WCM_Setup_Demo_File
{
protected static $instance;
public static function init()
{
is_null( self::$instance ) AND self::$instance = new self;
return self::$instance;
}
public function __construct()
{
add_action( current_filter(), array( $this, 'load_files' ), 30 );
}
public function load_files()
{
foreach ( glob( plugin_dir_path( __FILE__ ).'inc/*.php' ) as $file )
include_once $file;
}
}
安裝檔案:
<?php
defined( 'ABSPATH' ) OR exit;
class WCM_Setup_Demo_File_Inc
{
public static function on_activation()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
$plugin = isset( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) ? $_REQUEST['plugin'] : '';
check_admin_referer( "activate-plugin_{$plugin}" );
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
public static function on_deactivation()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
$plugin = isset( $_REQUEST['plugin'] ) ? $_REQUEST['plugin'] : '';
check_admin_referer( "deactivate-plugin_{$plugin}" );
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
public static function on_uninstall()
{
if ( ! current_user_can( 'activate_plugins' ) )
return;
check_admin_referer( 'bulk-plugins' );
// Important: Check if the file is the one
// that was registered during the uninstall hook.
if ( __FILE__ != WP_UNINSTALL_PLUGIN )
return;
# Uncomment the following line to see the function in action
# exit( var_dump( $_GET ) );
}
}
(2) 外掛更新
如果您編寫了一個具有自己的資料庫表或選項的外掛,那麼可能需要更改或升級的方案。
至今遺憾的是,在外掛/主題安裝或更新/升級方面無法執行某些東西。很高興有一個 work-around:將定製功能掛鉤到一個自定義選項 (是的,它是跛腳 – 但它的作品) 。
function prefix_upgrade_plugin()
{
$v = 'plugin_db_version';
$update_option = null;
// Upgrade to version 2
if ( 2 !== get_option( $v ) )
{
if ( 2 < get_option( $v ) )
{
// Callback function must return true on success
$update_option = custom_upgrade_cb_fn_v3();
// Only update option if it was an success
if ( $update_option )
update_option( $v, 2 );
}
}
// Upgrade to version 3, runs just after upgrade to version 2
if ( 3 !== get_option( $v ) )
{
// re-run from beginning if previous update failed
if ( 2 < get_option( $v ) )
return prefix_upgrade_plugin();
if ( 3 < get_option( $v ) )
{
// Callback function must return true on success
$update_option = custom_upgrade_cb_fn_v3();
// Only update option if it was an success
if ( $update_option )
update_option( $v, 3 );
}
}
// Return the result from the update cb fn, so we can test for success/fail/error
if ( $update_option )
return $update_option;
return false;
}
add_action('admin_init', 'prefix_upgrade_plugin' );
這個更新功能是一個 not-so-nice / well-written 例子,但是如上所述:這是一個例子,該技術執行良好。會隨著更新而改善。
次佳解決方案
為了測試目前的系統為所需的功能,如 PHP 版本或已安裝的擴充套件,您可以使用這樣的:
<?php # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
/**
* Plugin Name: T5 Check Plugin Requirements
* Description: Test for PHP version and installed extensions
* Plugin URI:
* Version: 2013.03.31
* Author: Thomas Scholz
* Author URI: http://toscho.de
* Licence: MIT
* License URI: http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
*/
/*
* Don't start on every page, the plugin page is enough.
*/
if ( ! empty ( $GLOBALS['pagenow'] ) && 'plugins.php' === $GLOBALS['pagenow'] )
add_action( 'admin_notices', 't5_check_admin_notices', 0 );
/**
* Test current system for the features the plugin needs.
*
* @return array Errors or empty array
*/
function t5_check_plugin_requirements()
{
$php_min_version = '5.4';
// see http://www.php.net/manual/en/extensions.alphabetical.php
$extensions = array (
'iconv',
'mbstring',
'id3'
);
$errors = array ();
$php_current_version = phpversion();
if ( version_compare( $php_min_version, $php_current_version, '>' ) )
$errors[] = "Your server is running PHP version $php_current_version but
this plugin requires at least PHP $php_min_version. Please run an upgrade.";
foreach ( $extensions as $extension )
if ( ! extension_loaded( $extension ) )
$errors[] = "Please install the extension $extension to run this plugin.";
return $errors;
}
/**
* Call t5_check_plugin_requirements() and deactivate this plugin if there are error.
*
* @wp-hook admin_notices
* @return void
*/
function t5_check_admin_notices()
{
$errors = t5_check_plugin_requirements();
if ( empty ( $errors ) )
return;
// Suppress "Plugin activated" notice.
unset( $_GET['activate'] );
// this plugin's name
$name = get_file_data( __FILE__, array ( 'Plugin Name' ), 'plugin' );
printf(
'<div class="error"><p>%1$s</p>
<p><i>%2$s</i> has been deactivated.</p></div>',
join( '</p><p>', $errors ),
$name[0]
);
deactivate_plugins( plugin_basename( __FILE__ ) );
}
檢查 PHP 5.5:
參考文獻
注:本文內容整合自 Google/Baidu/Bing 輔助翻譯的英文資料結果。如果您對結果不滿意,可以加入我們改善翻譯效果:薇曉朵技術論壇。
